Life with Pi: Microcomputing in Academia

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Last Friday, I co-led a presentation on single-board computers at the 2013 CUNY IT Conference. Since it was a very well-attended session (where we had great discussions with the attendees), I thought I’d provide a brief recap and link to the presentation material.

Life with Pi: Microcomputing in Academia

life_with_pi_-_microcomputing_in_academia

Introduction to single-board computers

Allie Verbovetskaya, Web & Mobile Systems Librarian / CUNY

Before we began with the “formal” presentation, I showed a brief video:

Once the audience was thoroughly confused, I explained that the BeetBox is a quite literal “beatbox” that uses beets as percussion instruments. To achieve this, there are touch sensors in the beets that are wired to a Raspberry Pi. To emit the drum sounds, there is an amplifier and a speaker also hooked up to the RPi. There is a Python program that’s running on the RPi and translating the touches into drum samples. The RPi powers this apparatus behind-the-scenes.

But what is a Raspberry Pi? It is a type of microcomputer. So what’s a microcomputer? It’s a single-board computer that’s small, cheap, and open source. It’s about the size of a credit card and varies in price from $25 up to $100. As such, it’s quite an affordable little machine, containing all the parts of a functional computer: microprocessor, RAM, I/O, power supply, and so on.

The most popular microcomputer—at the moment, anyway—is the Raspberry Pi. It’s $25 for the base model and $35 for the “souped up” version (with more RAM and ports). Another one that comes up frequently is the BeagleBone (brought to you by Texas Instruments, the calculator guys) and it’s quite a bit more expensive at $89. And, the one that’s been around the longest, is the Aduino. They have several boards but the Uno board costs $30.

So now that we understand what they are… what are they for? Well, they can be used for hobbies, such as building a retro arcade gaming station or home brewing. Or they can be used to solve specific problems, such as the RFID pet feeder which was created by someone who needed to feed one of his cats a medicated food and, therefore, could not have his two cats eating each other’s food. (What the creator did was program an Arduino to move the lid on the appropriate food dish based on the cat that approaches the feeding station. This is done via RFID chips that have been attached to the cats’ collars. That way, when Sick Cat approaches the feeding area, her food is made available to her. When she walks away, the lid slides back over so no one cat eat. Then, when Healthy Cat gets hungry, the lid covering her food opens so she can eat. And so on.) Another use is for data collection, such as the Botanicalls kit which allows a user to measure a plant’s comfort levels (moisture in the soil, amount of sunlight, etc.) and tweet “status updates” so you can tell when your plant is thirsty or too hot. (It will also respond to changes in its status, so if it’s thirsty and you watered it, it’ll submit a tweet of thanks.)

So you can begin to see how microcomputers can be used for more than basic tinkering. But you may also be thinking: “That’s great but I’m not a programmer!” And that’s OK! You don’t have to be. Because these microcomputers are open source, there are large and dedicated communities surrounding each. There are plenty of tutorials and guides online—as well as complete projects!—that you can use to get started. You can also seek help from many places, including:

But why should you bother to do any of this? Well, there are actually uses beyond recreation. In fact, there is evidence of more and more applications in academia. My colleague Junior discussed uses in the classroom while Robin explained how microcomputers can be used in and for research. Steve discussed the benefits of teaching microcomputing techniques and explain why computational literacy is becoming more important in today’s world. The presentation was then rounded out with demonstrations of projects that each of us had constructed, followed by questions from the audience.

Uses in pedagogy

Junior Tidal, Web Services & Multimedia Librarian / NYCCT

Junior discussed uses of microcomputers in the classroom, including:

  • Individual research stations
  • Cross-disciplinary projects
  • Testing environment for coding projects
  • Class/course web server per class/student for ad hoc storage or collaboration
  • Paperless archive repository for classes

You can also see Junior’s write-up of our presentation for more information about his section: http://juniortidal.com/2013/12/life-of-pi/.

Uses in research

Robin Davis, Emerging Technologies & Distance Services Librarian / John Jay College

Robin opened with several real-life examples of microcomputers currently being used for research purposes. She then outlined other venues for using single-board computers in and for research:

  • Cheap, disposable computing in the lab or studio
  • Use inexpensive sensors (e.g., temperature, motion, light, GPS, acceleration, etc.)
  • Build prototypes quickly
  • Maintain tight control over your machine(s)
  • Topic of publication (both scholarly and popular)

For a complete overview of Robin’s contribution to the presentation, see the write-up on her website: http://www.robincamille.com/presentations/microcomputing/.

Computational literacy

Stephen Zweibel, Visiting Lecturer (Librarian) / Hunter College

Steve discussed the importance of computational literacy and how microcomputers can be used to teach this literacy to the next generation of learners. He defined “computational literacy” as the ability to use computers and computational technologies to solve problems, and explained how it supports algorithmic thinking and collaboration.

Demonstrations

  • I discussed setting up a personal Dropbox-clone using an ownCloud instance on a Raspberry Pi-powered web server, to be used as a classroom repository or just a safe place to store potentially sensitive materials.
  • Junior demonstrated his “auto-citation” project. Using the Open Library API, he created a script that makes it possible to scan an ISBN (or enter it manually) and get a citation (in APA, MLA, and Chicago styles) in return.
  • Robin showed a light level logger, wherein she used Python to read data submitted by a 95¢ photocell sensor wired on a breadboard (hooked up to a Raspberry Pi).
  • Steve described the concept of a LibraryBox (digital file repository available via its own Wi-Fi signal) and encouraged the audience to connect to his LibraryBox network and download some documents to see his project in action.

Presentation Material

The slides are available online: http://www.robincamille.com/jj/cunyit/.

We also created a handout that was made available at the presentation. You can download it from http://www.robincamille.com/jj/cunyit/handout.pdf.

Colophon

The four co-presenters worked on this presentation collaboratively using git and a shared repository on GitHub: https://github.com/szweibel/CUNY-IT-Presentation. It was the first time any of us has used GitHub in this manner and it proved quite successful.

We used the reveal.js presentation framework for our slides. It’s very easy to use and provides beautiful (and responsive!) slidedecks.

Using Adobe Digital Editions on an Ubuntu desktop

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I recently purchased a new laptop and installed the Ubuntu OS on it. However, in my excitement to install a UNIX-like working environment, I forgot that some software works only with the two major operating systems (i.e., Windows and Mac). Namely, I needed to install Adobe Digital Editions on my new machine and panicked briefly when I realized I couldn’t do that. But after some quick research, I learned how to install ADE and then have it recognize my e-reader.

1. Open the Ubuntu Software Center and search for Wine. Install it.
ebook_software_center

2. From the dash, open Winetricks. Choose “install an app.” Select “adobe_diged” and hit OK.
ebook_winetricks_install_ade

3. Go through the installation steps. Agree to the EULA. Authorize the computer with your Adobe ID. Close ADE.
ebook_ade_authorize

4. From the dash, open Winetricks. Choose “select adobe_diged (Adobe Digital Editions)” and then select “Run winecfg.” Under the “Drives” tab, create a new drive letter N (it auto-mounts elsewhere but does not keep changes), add directory /media/nook/ (or the specific location of your Nook on your machine), and change type to “Floppy drive” (under advanced options).
ebook_winecfg_drives

That’s it! You now have ADE 1.7.2 installed on your Ubuntu machine that can be accessed from the dash. Use it to download library e-books, authorize protected PDFs, move books to your Nook*, and so on.

* I’ve only tested this setup with a Nook but I assume the same steps will work for all other ADE-supported e-reading devices.

Resources

Linking to Aleph OPAC and search results

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Linking to the Aleph OPAC is easy. Linking to a specific search is… well, it’s not as easy and it requires some practice. I’ll explain how to do them both.

I don’t know how other institutions do it but, at CUNY, we encourage folks to proxy their OPAC links. This ensures that when a user attempts to view an e-resource, he/she will be able to authenticate himself/herself and gain access to that resource. Otherwise, the user will be stuck behind a paywall.

So what does the URL look like? In its simplest form, it’s just the URL to the OPAC prefixed by the proxy URL:

http://central.ezproxy.cuny.edu:2048/login?url=http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83/F/

Of course, this is going just through the central office proxy server (ensuring access only to CUNY-wide e-resources, not campus-specific ones) and doesn’t specify a “local base,” or a library scope, so it defaults to the union (or all CUNY libraries) view. To tailor this link to your specific library, you will need to know your college’s proxy server and your Aleph local base. Then you’ll end up with a link that looks like this:

https://login.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/login?qurl=http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83/F/?func=find-b-0&local_base=BARUCH

Using this properly formatted URL, your patrons will be defaulted to their local library search scope and they will be pinged for authentication when they reach a licensed e-resource.

But what about when you want to link to a specific search? For example, a faculty member would like to link to all the library’s holdings of Junot Diaz’s work from her Blackboard course site. How can we help her with this?

It’s not enough to just do a search and then copy & paste the resulting URL. You will be stuck with a unique session ID in that URL that will expire and cause the link to default to the basic search screen. This then leads to confusion and frantic emails. The simplest solution, then, is to take that search result URL…

http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83/F/7C3C7V4U65QEI7DY79FFUP7LIKY3K1289DEAALI48L6LJF4D34-13445?func=find-e&find_scan_code=FIND_WAU&request=junot+diaz&local_base=LEHMAN

…and remove the session ID. In the URL above, it’s the gobbledygook (yes, that’s the technical term for it) after the F/ and before the ?func. So the new, persistent (and proxied!) URL will be:

http://memex.lehman.cuny.edu:2048/login?url=http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83/F/?func=find-e&find_scan_code=FIND_WAU&request=junot+diaz&local_base=LEHMAN

There are several things to note here:

  • This is scoped to Lehman College and goes through their proxy server. If you want to narrow it to your own library (or broaden it to all the CUNY libraries), choose the appropriate Aleph local base and proxy server.
  • The find_scan_code parameter has the value FIND_WAU, which means we’re searching for a keyword (that’s the find part) in the author field (that’s the wau part). If you need to perform a different search, you will need to select a different search type (or value for the find_scan_code parameter):
    • FIND_WRD: All Fields
    • SCAN_TTL: Title begins with
    • SCAN_AUT: Author, last name first
    • SCAN_SUL: Subject begins with
    • FIND_WTI: Keyword in title
    • FIND_WAU: Keyword in author
    • FIND_WSU: Keyword in subject
    • SCAN_SUC: Children’s subject begins with
    • SCAN_SUM: MeSH subject begins with
    • SCAN_SHL: Call number
    • SCAN_ISBN: Browse ISBN
    • SCAN_ISSN: Browse ISSN
    • SCAN_SYS: Browse Aleph system number
  • The request parameter is where you enter your query. Spaces need to be replaced with a plus sign (+). In our example above, notice how the query reads junot+diaz.

It is also possible to construct a much more complicated URL:
https://login.remote.baruch.cuny.edu/login?qurl=http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83/F/?func=find-c&ccl_term=wow%3Dbb%20and%20wti%3DAmerican+directories&local_base=U-JOURNAL

Here, instead of a find_scan_code, we’re using a ccl_term (Common Command Language), which is a way to construct a more complex search in the URL. Furthermore, the query for the 2-letter OWN code (wow=bb) and keyword in title (wti=American+directories) used in the ccl_term parameter in this example includes escape sequences for some of the following characters:

  • = represented as %3D
  • " represented as %22
  • ( represented as %28
  • ) represented as %29
  • (space) represented as %20

These characters have to be escaped in the ccl_term parameter. For a list of the CCL terms, see the CUNY Catalog help files.

Instructions for embedding a search box to the CUNY Catalog from anywhere (e.g., LibGuides, SerialsSolutons, etc.) are too long to include in this post. However, they are available on the Support @ OLS website.